Estonia protection of vulnerable adults

Protective measures: Guardianship; Continuing power of Attorney;

Legal framework: Chapter 10 of the Family Law Act (Sections 203–227);

Competent authority: County Courts

Access requirements:

  • The person must have limited active legal capacity and be unable to manage personal or financial affairs.
  • PoA is preferred, but if unavailable, guardianship is considered (§ 203 PKS).

Procedure:

  1. Filing a Petition: Submitted by an eligible party or the court. A temporary guardian may be appointed for up to one year (§ 521 TsMS). Guardianship can be requested by the individual, family members, local authorities, or initiated by the court.
  2. Court Investigation: The court personally hears the individual, consults family, and, if needed, orders a psychiatric assessment (§§ 524–525 TsMS).
  3. Appointment & Duties: Guardianship lasts up to five years and is tailor-made, granting only necessary powers (§ 203(2) PKS; § 526 TsMS).
  4. Supervision & Termination: The court reviews guardianship after five years and terminates it once no longer needed (§ 529 TsMS). Guardianship decisions, including financial transactions, require court approval (§§ 187–188 PKS
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